Cusco was the capital of the Inca Empire, and today it's often called the archaeological capital of the Americas. When Spanish conquistadors arrived in the 1530s, they built churches and mansions right on top of the Incas' masterful stone foundations, and that fascinating collision of Andean and Spanish worlds is what makes Cusco unlike anywhere else on Earth.

For many travelers, Cusco is the gateway to Machu Picchu, the legendary Inca citadel brought to the world's attention by explorer Hiram Bingham in 1911 and now one of the most famous archaeological sites on the planet. But give Cusco itself the time it deserves. Wander its narrow stone streets and grand Plaza de Armas, visit Qorikancha, the Inca Temple of the Sun, explore the massive stone walls of Sacsayhuaman above town and sample hearty Andean cooking. The nearby Sacred Valley is filled with Inca terraces, markets and villages.

Cusco sits at more than 11,000 feet, so building in time to acclimate is important. I'll plan your Sacred Valley stay, train and entry tickets to Machu Picchu, which must be booked in advance, and expert guides, so every step goes smoothly.